Source: AUN News

In Washington, One of the most significant changes to the American tax code in decades is at the heart of the new climate and tax package that Democrats appear to be on the verge of passing: a new corporate minimum tax that could change how the federal government collects revenue and how the country’s most profitable companies invest in their businesses.

One of the last tax increases in the package that Democrats hope to pass despite party lines in the upcoming days is the one being proposed. After months of internal wrangling over whether to fund their plan with tax increases on the wealthy or by rolling back some of the 2017 Republican tax cuts, they have finally decided to pursue a long-held political goal of making that large, successful corporations pay more than zero in federal taxes.

To do this, Democrats have revived a strategy last used in the 1980s: attempting to collect taxes from businesses that, although reporting a profit to shareholders on their financial accounts, rely heavily on deductions to reduce their tax obligations.

Since it was announced last month, the return of the corporate minimum tax, which would be levied on what is known as the “book income” that businesses declare on their financial records, has caused confusion and ferocious lobbying opposition.

Initially, some confused the proposal with the global minimum tax of 15% that Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen has been promoting as part of an international tax agreement. That is a different plan, though, that pertains to the global earnings of American multinational corporations and is still stuck in Congress in the United States.

Republicans have also misinformed and attempted to use the tax rise as proof that Vice President Biden was willing to return on his campaign commitments and raise taxes on middle-class workers. Additionally, producers have cautioned that it will add extra costs to rising inflation.

By Thursday evening, the new tax had already undergone some political watering-down, demonstrating the political clout that Washington lobbyists enjoy. Senator Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona urged her Democratic colleagues to maintain a beneficial deduction known as bonus depreciation connected with the acquisition of machinery and equipment at the request of businesses.

Corporations that disclose to shareholders annual income of more than $1 billion on their financial statements but lower their effective tax rates considerably below the statutory 21% through the use of credits, deductions, and other preferential tax treatment would be subject to the new 15% minimum tax. Initially expected to generate $313 billion in tax revenue over ten years, the actual amount will probably be $258 billion if the new bill is signed into law.

If the new tax is approved, it might also add to the tax code’s complexity, making it more challenging to implement the law.

“There’s no doubt that this system is hard,” said Peter Richman, a senior legal consultant at the Tax Law Center at New York University law school. “In terms of implementation and bandwidth to deal with the intricacy.” This is a significant change, and the revenue figure is high.

The corporate minimum tax has been widely criticized due to its complexity. It is less effective than just doing away with deductions or increasing the corporation tax rate, and it may encourage businesses to devise creative ways to disguise their income to pay less in taxes.

Senator Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat from Massachusetts, and Mr. Biden advanced similar concept variations during their respective presidential campaigns. They have been marketed as a mechanism to bring back equity in a tax system that has let large firms significantly reduce their tax obligations through deductions and other accounting techniques.

An early projection by the impartial Joint Committee on Taxation indicates that the tax would likely be imposed on 150 businesses annually, most of which would be manufacturers. Manufacturing firms and Republicans, who have been against any plans that roll back the tax cuts they enacted five years ago, protested this.

Even though the corporate minimum tax was not many Democrats’ first choice of tax increases, they now support it because it is politically advantageous. Approximately 100 to 125 firms declared financial statement income of more than $1 billion in 2019. Still, their effective tax rates were less than 5%, according to the information given on Thursday by Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. The average income disclosed to shareholders in financial statements was close to $9 billion, while the average effective tax rate was only 1.1 percent.

Companies are making historic profits while paying shareholders rock-bottom rates, according to Mr. Wyden.

Because of its complexity, the Treasury Department had doubts about the minimum tax proposal last year. If passed, Treasury would be in charge of creating a plethora of new rules and guidelines for the new legislation and ensuring the Internal Revenue Service could effectively enforce it.

Michael J. Graetz, a Columbia University tax law expert, admitted that determining minimum taxes was challenging and that adding a new tax base would provide new difficulties for tax administration. Still, he said he did not see such concerns as disqualifying. He pointed out that the current system had made it possible for firms to absorb losses for tax purposes that did not appear on their financial statements and prospects for tax shelters.

According to Mr. Graetz, a former deputy assistant secretary for tax policy at the Treasury Department, “if the issue that Congress is addressing is that firms are reporting high book profits and low taxes, then the only way to match those two is to base taxes on book profits to some extent.”

In 1986, a tax reform contained a comparable tax that was permitted to expire after three years. Reexamining such a policy, according to opponents, might lead to new issues and chances for businesses to evade the minimum tax.

Michelle Hanlon, an accounting professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, testified before the Senate Finance Committee last year that evidence from studies of outcomes related to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 suggests that businesses changed the way they report financial accounting income by deferring more income to future years. This behavioral response entails significant dangers for capital markets and financial accounting.

Other opponents of the proposed tax have voiced worries that it will give the Financial Accounting Standards Board, an independent agency that establishes accounting standards, more power over the American tax base.

In a letter to members of Congress last year that was signed by more than 260 accounting academics, Ms. Hanlon and Jeffrey L. Hoopes, a professor at the University of North Carolina, wrote, “The potential politicization of the F.A.S.B. will likely lead to lower-quality financial accounting standards and lower-quality financial accounting earnings.”

Business organizations vigorously opposed the idea and urged Ms. Sinema to veto the tax. A survey of Arizona’s manufacturing employees, managers, and supporters, conducted by the National Association of Manufacturers and Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry, revealed on Wednesday that most respondents opposed the new tax.

According to Chad Moutray, the manufacturing association’s top economist, “it will make it harder to recruit more workers, improve salaries, and invest in our communities.” “The manufacturing voters in Arizona are stating loud and clear that this tax would harm our economy.”

Ms. Sinema has stated her opposition to higher tax rates and concerns with a plan to reduce the preferential tax status that CEOs at hedge funds and private equity firms get for “carried interest.” At her insistence, Democrats dropped the initiative.

Last October, when a corporate minimum tax proposal was first made, Ms. Sinema released a statement endorsing it.

This idea, she added, “represents a common-sense step toward ensuring that highly profitable firms pay a reasonable minimum corporate tax on their profits, just like regular Arizonans and Arizona small businesses do.” On Thursday, Ms. Sinema stated that she would support an updated version of the climate and tax plan, noting that it would “defend advanced manufacturing.”

On Friday, business organizations praised that.

According to Neil Bradley, chief policy officer of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, “taxing capital expenditures — investments in new buildings, factories, equipment, etc. — is one of the most economically damaging ways you can raise taxes.” “Senator Sinema deserves credit for seeing this and advocating for improvements, and we look forward to reading the updated proposed law,”

Analysis by: Advocacy Unified Network